Richard Lazarus (1991) discusses the work of Lutz & White (1986) who consider  the manners in which culture influences our emotions based upon regulative and constitutive rules.

1. "A culture emphasizes certain general problems of living and de-emphasizes others"  (p.360) E.g:

• Japanese sensitivity and interest in the social group as an audience of having made mistakes (making face).
• Ilongot viewing inadequacies as something of a challenge to overcome.
• North American focus on the implications to character of having made errors.

2. "Cultural interpretations define the exact nature of a problem of living" E.g.:

• what is considered to be of danger
• what things are worth possessing or losing
• whether a threat is controllable

3. "Cultures deal differently with contingencies between a violation of the social code and what will result, thus defining justifiable anger, fear, shame, or admiration."

• These are effectively "Feeling Rules"
• These rules are both Constitutive (creating cultural syndromes) and regulative (according to display rules).
• e.g. even when speaking different languages

4. "Life problems are scripted by a culture for the kinds of solutions that are countenanced or condemned. Are we all allowed to cry at a loss? Can we preserve our integrity against an attack by physical or verbal retaliation?" Eg.

• Walk away from a violation as do the Utku
• Dramatically call to attention to the insult as do the Kaluli

Parenting and education play a role in emotional development